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            \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c([3]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c(ProCD v. Zidenberg). \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u064e \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d: \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641([4]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a (\u0623\u0642\u0628\u0644) \u0623\u0648 (\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0628\u0644) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646*<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u064a (Hotmail v. Van Mooney Pie)([5]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (100) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646: “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627”([9]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (149)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (153-2) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (149) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: “\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643”([11]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c*<\/a> (Timberline Software Corp v. M.A.Mortenson)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (153\/2) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646: “1- \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646. 2- \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0639\u0646”([12]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 (on-line) \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[1])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 (Shrink wrap contract) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: http:\/\/enwikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shrink_wrap_contract. (23\/2\/2008).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[2])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:  Robinson,Steven\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: http:\/\/www.secnrityfocus.com\/infocu\/1602  (23\/2\/2008).                                  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[3])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: http:\/\/www.murdoch.edu.au\/elaw\/issues\/v10n4\/halbert104_text.html (23\/2\/2008).          <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: http:\/\/www.design_ireland.net. (19\/7\/2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[4])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: http:\/\/www.securityfocns.com\/infocus\/1602.                                                        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

*<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 click_wrap \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (click) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[5])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 : http:\/\/www.design_ireland.net.(19\/7\/2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[6])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:  Callan,David\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:   http:\/\/www.akamarketing.com\/click-wrap-shrink-wrap_contracts.html. (23\/2\/2008)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[7])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 http:\/\/www.design-ireland.net. (19\/7\/2007). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[8])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c1997\u060c \u063568.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[9])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063528.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[10])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063569.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[11])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063538.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:http:\/\/www.murdoch.edu.au\/elaw\/issues\/v10n4\/halbert104_text.html  (23\/2\/2008).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(<\/sup>[12])<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063539.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
\n\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1301"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1333,"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1301\/revisions\/1333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itkan.ly\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}